Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Transportation Fuel

Use of compressed natural gas, or CNG, as an alternative vehicle fuel is growing in significance with many city-owned fleets converting to the fuel. Though not renewable, CNG still holds some advantages over other fossil fuels such as petroleum. Here are five quick takeaways to help you understand the use of CNG as a transportation fuel. The Safety of Compressed Natural Gas One of the first questions raised about the use of CNG in vehicles is safety. Maybe its because of its stealth persona as an odorless, colorless gas, but natural gas tends to strike fear into people over worries of explosion or related catastrophes. Yet, compressed natural gas has actually grown in popularity because it is seen, by those who actually know the facts, as a safe fuel choice. In fact, its not too hard to see why CNG is actually considered to be safer than gasoline. Natural gas is lighter than air, so a spill wont puddle the way gasoline will nor will it sink close to the ground like propane. Instead, CNG rises into the air and then dissipates in the atmosphere. In addition, CNG has a higher ignition temperature. In other words, its harder to ignite. Finally, CNG storage systems are much stronger than the typical gasoline tank found on a car or truck. Where CNG Comes From So where does CNG come from? The answer lies deep beneath your feet because natural gas is an organic compound, deposited deep within the earth. Although considered an alternative fuel, unlike many of its counterparts, natural gas is a fossil fuel and is primarily methane comprised of hydrogen and carbon. It is estimated that there are enough reachable deposits of natural gas below the Earths surface to last long after stores of petroleum have been depleted, though the supply is not infinite by any stretch. In addition, there is controversy over the environmental impact of fracking, the method used to reach natural gas deposits lying deeper under the Earths surface. Using Natural Gas For Vehicles The process of allowing natural gas to be used by a vehicle begins with natural gas being compressed and entering the vehicle through the natural gas dispenser or other filling means. From there, it goes directly into high-pressure cylinders located somewhere on the vehicle. When the car is accelerated, CNG leaves this on-board storage cylinder, passes along the fuel line and then enter the engine compartment where it enters the regulator which reduces the pressure from as high as 3,600 psi down to atmospheric pressure. A natural gas solenoid valve enables natural gas to move from the regulator into the gas mixer or fuel injectors. Mixed with air, natural gas flows on through the carburetor or the fuel injection system and from there, enters the engines combustion chambers. Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles Although over 25 automakers produce nearly 100 models of natural gas vehicles and engines for the U.S. market, the only CNG vehicle available for personal consumer use is made by Honda. CNGs market in the U.S. has been primarily for transit buses, where over 10,000 are currently used in the country. Its estimated that about one in five buses currently on order are CNG vehicles. But numbers elsewhere around the world are much high with an estimated 7.5 million natural gas vehicles on the streets globally. Thats twice what there was as recently as 2003. Its forecasted that by 2020, more than 65 million NGVs will be in use worldwide. CNG is Cost Effective CNG is also economically attractive. The U.S. Department of Energy has reported that the average nationwide price of a gallon of gas equivalent of CNG was as low as $2.04 per gallon in recent years. Prices are even lower in some areas of the country. Local and state governments have reported having their fuel bills cut in half by increasing the use of natural gas vehicles.

Gross Structure of Meat - 3254 Words

FT 114C Laboratory Experiment 1 Gross Structure of Meat Group 3 3F-1 Bayongasan, Geneva Cavero, Monica Dela Cruz, Charles Manucom, Jose Lorenzo Matias, Maria Paula Sanchez, Irish Soriao, Angelica Tan, July Anne Torres, Lean Uson, Beatrix Date of Submission: November 14, 2012 I. Introduction Meat is the flesh of animals utilized as food (Lawrie, 1998). Some significant sources of meat include sheep, goat, pigs, and lamb (Warriss, 2010). As stated by Warriss (2010), the carcass meat is composed of lean, fat and bone, and connective tissues. Carcass represent the portion of the body remaining after removal of the blood, head, feet, hides, digestive tracts, and organs (Lawrie, 1998). The composition of the†¦show more content†¦Rolls | Morcon | | | Boneless Strip Steak | | | | T-Bone Steak | | | | Porterhouse Steak | | | | Tenderloin Roast | Solomillo | | | Tenderloin Steak | Solomillo | | Round BoneFlat Bone | Sirloin Steak | Tapadera | | | Top Sirloin Steak | Tapadera | | | Tri-tip Roast | Goto | | | Loin Roast | | | | Boneless Loin Roast | | | | Loin Chop | | | | Kidney Chop | | | | Butterfly Chop | | | | Osso busco | | | | Breast | | | | Boneless Breast Roast | | | | Riblet | | | | Round Steak | Piema Corta | | | Boneless Rump Roast | | | | Top Round Steak | | | | Top Round Roast | | | | Bottom Round Roast | Philippine Beef Steak or Bistek Cut | | | Eye Round Roast | | | | Round Tip Roast | | | | Sirloin Tip Steak | Kare kare cut | | | Leg Cutlet | | | | Ground Beef | | | | Beef for Stew | | | | Cubed Steak | | | | Ground Veal | | | | Cubes for Kabobs | | Hog | | Shoulder Butt (Shoulder) | Kasim | | | Pork Arm Picnic (Shoulder) | Pigue | | | Blade Steak (Shoulder) | | | | Blade Boston Roast (Shoulder) | | | | Arm Picnic (Shoulder) | | | | Hock (Shoulder) | Pata | | | Spareribs (Side) | | | | Pork Belly (Side) | Liempo | | | Sliced Bacon (Side) | | | | Blade Chop (Loin) | | | | Rib Chop (Loin) | | | | Loin Chop (Loin) | T-bone | | | Sirloin Chop (Loin) | | | | Pork Sirloin Cutlet (Loin) |Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between Female And Female Babies1716 Words   |  7 Pagessets the baby up for the rest of its life ending the germinal stage of development. 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Cultural Dimensions of Alizee Airlines †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Dimensions of Alizee Airlines. Answer: Introduction The Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) study on cultural dimensions is one of the most important analysis for companies which are considering entering foreign markets that are markedly different form theirs in terms of culture. The research program was brought about by Robert J. House of Wharton in 1991 and by 2004 to 2007 a comprehensive volume based on 951 companies and middle managers was published on the same.The first step to gauge effectiveness in an organisation and further to leaders GLOBE came up with nine cultural dimensions that make it possible to comprehend the similarities and differences in norms, values, beliefs, and practices among societies. They came up with the findings based by Hofstede (1980), Schwartz (1994), Smith (1995), Inglehart (1994) among others. They include; power distance which clearly illustrates the level which power is distributed to a collective individual equally. Future focus refers to the level of intensity of how people in a group will procrastinate their immediate gratification by planning and investing in the future. Performance orientation is how a collective is rewarded for excellent performance and improvements by group members. Human orientation illustrates how individuals are rewarded and encouraged by a collective for being altruistic, generous, and caring to others. Uncertainty Avoidance is the degree which a society enterprise or group will depend on a social standards, rules and procedure to reduce unpredictability of the future events. Collectivism I (Institutional) this is how institutions practice reward and encourage collective distribution of resources. Collectivism II (in-group) The level which individuals will take pride in their accomplishments, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organisations. The eighth dimension is Assertiveness will definitely relate to relationships among individuals and their level of aggressiveness, confrontational and assertive dynamics they di splay in the organisation. Lastly, Gender fairness/egalitarianism which is the degree which minimizes gender inequality. Alizee Airlines looks to enter the Brazilian and Malaysian markets, as well as the USA. These three countries are radically different in many ways. For instance, they all have different perspectives towards collectivism, competition, and religion. At the same time, they have different levels of political organization and perception of good governance, and the degree to which the system is fair to all its citizens. The countries are also differentiated by their levels of economic development (Moura, 2013). In this paper, the importance, advantages and disadvantages of these cultural attributes to prospective business endeavours will be discussed, so that Alizee can make the right strategic adjustments to ensure that it succeeds in each of the markets listed above (Hofstede, 2011). Cultural similarities and differences between Brazil, Malaysia and USA Power distance Brazil has a higher power distance index than the USA, which has an index of 40. However, Malaysia has an index of 100. Power distance refers to the extent to which people in a country believe that hierarchy should be respected, and that unequal power distribution among citizens is acceptable. While all three countries have a remarkably higher power distance index, it is higher in Malaysia in part due to its religious and cultural views. According to Hofstedes research, Muslim majority countries are more likely to have a higher power distance than others, due to Quranic decrees for people to obey authority. The country is also a monarchy, albeit constitutional but one which still holds a lot of sway over the countrys political and social dynamics (Moura, 2013). Brazil was until recently under a military dictatorship, which was responsible for the unequal power distribution that persists to this day. The country is also regarded as one of the major economic powers in the Americas. The rapid economic growth has led to a wider gap between the rich and the poor, thereby enhancing the power distance index (Nobles, 2013). For the United States, there is more belief that power is evenly distributed. However, its legacy of institutionalised racism still has residual effects, which mean that the country has among the highest PDIs in the Western developed world (Peter, 2011). Collectivism I Collectivism II Brazil and Malaysia have relatively lower levels of individualism at 38 and 26 respectively, in comparison to the United States, at 91. The Level of individualism is referred to as the level of interdependence which a society has between its members. The opposite of individualism is collectivism. The United States is a thoroughly capitalistic country, in which the people expect justice and liberty for all. Hierarchy is a matter of convenience, rather than an established cultural norm. For Brazil however, people have a strong affinity to groups, and strongly identify with them. They are supposed to take care of each other. This is the same case in Malaysia (Shi Wang, 2011). In Malaysia, as is the case with Brazil, individuals at the work place place a strong importance on their relationships with fellow employees. This is different in the US, where the individuals are keener on their jobs, rather than on how well they relate with each other. They are also unlikely to refer to each other by their last names, as a means of finding out more about the social ties of each other (Shi Wang, 2011). Perfomance Orientation In the three countries, the index for masculinity is high, with the scores for Brazil, the US and Malaysia being 49, 62 and 50 respectively. Masculinity refers to the acceptability of competition in society. In all three countries, being a winner is an important part of measuring success. This measure is ingrained throughout the school system. It is worth nothing that as the three countries has capitalistic forms of government; their countries have a high level of competitiveness (Hofstede, 2011). The quality of life is also important. However, people are not necessarily seen as successful in society due to their ability to care for their fellow countrymen. They are seen as successful by being the richest the most popular, the most intelligent, among other measures. Uncertainty Avoidance Brazil has the highest levels of uncertainty avoidance, with an index of 76. It is followed by the US which has 46, with Malaysia having 36 as the uncertainty avoidance index. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the way in which a society tries to work with the fact that the future is not known. Sometimes, countries may try to control the future (Nobles, 2013). In other instances, the countries may just be prepared for whatever happens. Brazilians try to control the way the future will unfold. They therefore have highly bureaucratic society, in which the observance of laws is very high. Though uncertainty avoidance is low in the United States, the society is preoccupied with mitigating uncertainty caused by terrorism and immigration, thereby coming up with stricter laws to help control these uncertainties (Shi Wang, 2011). Malaysia is alike other South Asian countries, which have a low uncertainty avoidance index. It does not have the same aspirations to control the future and uncertainty as the US and Brazil would want to. This is well represented in the actions of its people, whereby Brazilians are the most expressive, and Malaysians being the last (Moura, 2013). Future Focus Future Focus is below average in all three countries. It is lowest in the United States at 26, followed at 41 by Malaysia, and Brazil at 44. This index refers to the extent to which a society maintains links with its past while dealing with present and future challenges and gratification. In Brazil there is a higher emphasis on the past as a means of changing the present and future. At the same time, people in the country are suspicious about change, though not to the extent seen on countries which have an above average index (Peter, 2011). All three countries are in a perpetual process of change. While they have strong traditions, they have successfully formed modern societies. They have also been able to draw on their pasts to build strong modern countries in, and are likely to continue doing so in future. Assertiveness, Human Orientation and Gender Equality All the three countries are similar with regard to these dimensions. They both have strong degrees of which they encourage and reward their individuals with regard to their kindness, fairness and generosity to others in the society. Assertiveness is more in the United States as compared to Brazil and Malaysia. Individuals in the US are likely to be aggressive and dynamic in their relations to others at work place as well as in the society and this is further affected by religion and culture. Malaysia and United States are stronger with gender equality as opposed to Brazil. Cultural analysis The cultural similarities and differences highlighted in the discussion above suggest that different approaches must be taken to ensure the company succeeds in attracting customers by way of enhancing their experiences. The first among these is the power distance index. In the US and Brazil, it will be of critical importance for the company to provide as much information and a high quality customer service to its customers. The individuals will be looking for a well defined offering, since they may not be deferential to the company and ignore quality in determining whether to sign up for it (Kooyers, 2015). In terms of future focus, the US will call for a different approach to Brazil and Malaysia. In the US, the customers will focus more on what the company can do for them, in terms of the services offered. For the Malaysians and Brazilians however, the people serving in the company are as important. They will require the companies to have a local touch, meaning that they may need to have employees who are well versed in local cultures so that they can help the customers identify more closely with it. Information in the websites should be geared towards providing as much information as possible, since they are less likely than Americans to ask for this information directly (Kooyers, 2015). All three countries are masculine, meaning that in terms of what Alizee Airlines doe to them in terms of product offering must be of a higher level than competitors. This will be more in line with the above aspects of individualism and PDI. Masculinity for the three countries mans that the company needs to pride itself as the best in what it does, rather than appealing to customers through its concern for social responsibility, environmental conservation and other noble causes, which do not depict masculinity (Nobles, 2013). Uncertainty avoidance should be a concern for all three countries in the report. For instance, the Brazilians will prefer a website which has well detailed information that makes allowances for failure, and what to do in such instances. It should also have a well documented schedule of rules that the company agrees to abide b, and what it expects from the customers. While the other two countries markets will need this as well, the emphasis should not be too much. The countries will be more concerned about the quality of service they get, since they either expect the future to be taken care of by the company, or it to be too complicated to handle (Hofstede, 2011). For all countries, there should be a distinct reference to the countries glorious pasts. These countries all have a long and proud history, that people are generally proud of, and which they see as the reason they are making their current progress. To appeal to their sense of social belonging and nationality, it may be important for Alizee airlines to carefully customise the website for this. It should be clear that the website belongs to the individual country, rather than the reproduction of the page for another country. The pride with which these countries hold their societies also means that the language choices should by English and Spanish for the US, Portuguese for Brazil and Malay for Malaysia (Hofstede, 2011). Conclusion The United States, Brazil and Malaysia all share similarities that can be used to further the business interests of Alizee Airlines. The three countries have open market economies, have a democratic system of government, and are close allies. However, they have marked cultural differences, which mean that the approach of the organization to them needs to be different. Recommendations The issues that occasion these differences are rooted in tradition religion, and past history. The military rule in Brazil, political crises in Malaysia, as well as the 9/11 attacks in the US have for instance shaped how some of these countries individuals react to some of the measures in the GLOBE research. It is therefore imperative for the organization to adopt the model and the recommendations contained herein so that it can succeed in different cultures. References Moura, E. (2013). CONTRADICTING HOFSTEDE:Are Brazilian and American Cultures Really Different? The Global Journal of Finance and Economics, 10(1), 75-85. Nobles, G. (2013). Culture and Ethics: A comparison Between Japan the USA. Cambridge Business and Economics Conference, vol. 2, no.3: 1-23. Peter, R. (2011). Exiting China: Procedures to Ensure the Orderly Liquidation of a Business.Houston Journal of International Law, vol. 33, no.3: 9-43. Shi, X., Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research? International Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 93-99. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context.Online readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(8):3-89 Kooyers, J. (2015). The United States and Spain: A Comparison of Cultural Values and Behaviors and Their Implications for the Multi-Cultural Workplace. Honors papers, 399. Schwartz, S. H., U. Kim et al. (1994). "Beyond Individualism/Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values." In Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage,

Zigler vs.Gardner free essay sample

The late 1960’s seemed to be the end of one decade and the beginning of a new one; the country was heading into a new direction of politics, still fighting a war in Vietnam, and realizing our education system needs some new rebuilding. In 1969, a very famous singer Frank Sinatra released a song titled â€Å"My Way†, which was about the meaning of how a man’s existence leads him down a path of integrity before he expired and felt his life achieved the goals he was meant to have and behold. When I read the assignment Giving Credit where credit is Due, I have to identify two psychologists and briefly describe their main contributions to their field. One of the psychologists that I have to write about is Howard Garner (Gardner 2003) whose main contribution to the field of Intelligence research development and multiple intelligent theories. Gardner was interested in the social sciences and in 1972 was a founding member of Harvard Project Zero, when he joined project zero as a co-director in that same year. We will write a custom essay sample on Zigler vs.Gardner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gardner started a collaborated study on the artistic capacities in children, style sensitivity, and comprehension and understanding of metaphor (Gardner, 1980, 1982). The title of Gardner’s â€Å"My Way† made me think of Frank Sinatra in the sense that he and Gardner did things their way in their life time. Gardner wrote books that affected his identity in psychology. After reading â€Å"My Way†, Gardner felt his most important work and contribution to society was his 20 year extensive research in Neuropsychology studying the right hemisphere of the brain (Gardner 1975). While doing this research on this topic, Gardner was able to write some 60 empirical articles, even on cognitive neuroscience. (e. g. , Gardner, Brownell, Wapner amp; Michelow, 1983). Again, only in the 1960’s were government grants available to him to extend his research and prior to this there was no support or little help for his ‘empirical social sciences’ He had some struggles in his research. Gardner seemed to have some outside interest in education. In the 1980’s, he finally seemed to find a niche and interested educators response to the multiple intelligences theories and the second reason is the social, the concern of the United States in the fairish quality of pre-collegiate education. He also had some struggles and defeats when it came to writing peer reviewed articles and receiving negative feedback, even his grant applications were turned downed. It is quite interesting that he has compared himself to Frank Sinatra and everyone does things their way and even Gardner has received a very distinguished award in 1981, the MacArthur Prize Fellowship. In the conclusion of reading Gardner’s My Way, I really felt that Gardner was happy with his Way of doing research, a career as a psychologist and most important he certainly felt his love and passion for the values he believes in mainstream psychology. He clearly states in the end of his book, He would not go into Psychology again, he would chose Neuroscience, however he has no regrets and for me that clearly states that he will always have the passion for the intellect and the loyalty for the ages to come. The next Psychologist that I must identify and describe in brief is his main contributions is Edward Zigler, Once again, the 1960’s seem to be a decade of change in the United States in so far as education for a start, President Lyndon B. Johnson proposed an idea with the help from Dr. Robert Cooke, asked Edward Zigler to help on the War of Poverty, It seems that Edward Zigler was on his way to becoming a clinical psychologist with a specific field in child development, which is its own specialty, as time progresses, Dr. Zigler, also approaches a new developmental psychopathology area known as mental retardation. Special Education was not established in the 1960’s and new ideas and approaches were on the rise. The office of Children Development: (which is now called Children, Youth amp; Family) in which Zigler would become the official director during the Nixon presidency, (Zigler amp; Muenchow, 1992). In 1964, President Johnson started a committee with a blank sheet and created Project Head Start, members were from a variety of fields from mental health, social work, medicine and a child development, Project Rush Rush is the name Zigler and the insiders called it because it was a rush summer project with no statistics or plans on how to run the program. No means and measures to manipulate the information and how many children should be in the startup program. Project Head Start was an educational necessity for impoverished low income children before they attended elementary school. It was supposed to be in the summer with just 25,000 children and now in 1965, the enrollment exceeded to more half a million had already enrolled. Zigler that that poor children would have better chances of success if given more chances to better their lives, have access to healthy foods, good hygiene and oral care. It is interesting that a scientist such as Zigler goes to Washington, DC and ends up serving his country in a non-traditional way, the educational classes that Zigler sees in helping the parents will hopefully gain some insight in overcoming poverty stricken children. Zigler felt this was a worthy contribution and not an obligation; it was interesting to me that Zigler felt that the policymakers and academic psychologist really came from different worlds and sometimes could not see eye to eye. The office of Head Start is now a federally funded program that promotes school readiness of children to help and promote cognitive and social emotional development, it has now been reported that 18 million children that have walked through the doors of project Head Start and hopefully have excelled into the adults they should be. The resistance that Zigler seems to have had is his misunderstanding of how policymaking is processed and how they also did not know much about child development literature. There are some similarities between Zigler and Gardner such as; both went to Ivy League schools, very well educated, both ended up in education by different circumstances. Both became famous psychologists in their own way, both started their careers in the 1960’s, excelled in research that gave them an understanding of the minds. Zigler concentrated on mental etardation, whereas Gardner liked Neuroscience, one has the absence of a strong mind where as one likes the intricate work of the mind. The environment on the outside plays a role with children who are or can be under developed children whereas professional on the inside use their brains to play a role in the multiple intelligence theories. Their personal lives have crossed in the 1960’s at the peak of decade when new theories and ideas have pl ayed such an important part in our psychologist’s research and expertise.